Grand Juries: An Overview
What is a Grand Jury?
A grand jury is a legal body composed of laypeople responsible for determining whether there is sufficient evidence to indict an individual or organization with a crime. It differs from a trial jury (also known as a petit jury) in several key aspects.
Key Differences Between Grand and Trial Juries
1. Composition and Size: Grand juries typically consist of 12 to 23 individuals, while trial juries usually comprise 6 or 12 members.
2. Purpose: Grand juries evaluate evidence to determine if probable cause exists to formally charge someone with a crime. Trial juries hear the evidence presented in a trial and determine guilt or innocence.
3. Privacy: Grand jury proceedings are generally held in private, while trial juries operate in open court.
Term and Extension
Grand jurors generally serve for up to 18 months but may serve for up to 24 months if granted an extension by a judge. During their term, grand juries consider multiple cases and can issue indictments in those they find sufficient evidence.
Usage of Grand Juries
Grand juries are commonly used in both federal and state criminal cases. Prosecutors may present evidence to the grand jury to determine whether charges should be filed against an individual or organization.
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